焦磷酸鉀主要用于無(wú)氰電鍍，代替氰化鈉作為電鍍的絡(luò)合劑。也用于制備漂白、染色中的清洗劑、去污劑和除鐵劑?；旌衔?、組織改良劑等焦磷酸鉀中所含的磷、鉀等元素是植物生長(zhǎng)的營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素，是一種對(duì)農(nóng)田土壤環(huán)境友好的物質(zhì)。

Potassium pyrophosphate is mainly used in cyanide free electroplating, replacing sodium cyanide as the complexing agent of electroplating. It is also used to prepare detergent, detergent and iron remover in bleaching and dyeing. Phosphorus, potassium and other elements contained in potassium pyrophosphate, such as mixtures and tissue modifiers, are nutrient elements for plant growth and are friendly to farmland soil environment.

焦磷酸鉀已被評(píng)估為的食品添加劑，允許焦磷酸鉀在非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化食品中用作乳化劑、膠凝劑、穩(wěn)定劑、增稠劑、pH調(diào)節(jié)劑、酸反應(yīng)材料和水校正劑和螯合劑混合物。

Potassium pyrophosphate has been evaluated as a safe food additive, allowing potassium pyrophosphate to be used as emulsifier, gelling agent, stabilizer, thickener, pH regulator, acid reaction material and mixture of water corrector and chelator in non standardized food.

焦磷酸鉀是一種對(duì)農(nóng)田土壤環(huán)境友好的物質(zhì)。相關(guān)人員通過(guò)分批振蕩淋洗實(shí)驗(yàn)研究了制備的焦磷酸鉀淋洗液對(duì)模擬污染土壤中重金屬銅的淋洗特性，并討論了淋洗時(shí)間、淋洗液pH值和焦磷酸鉀濃度對(duì)淋洗的影響。此外，還討論了焦磷酸鉀洗脫液作用下土壤中銅的解吸動(dòng)力學(xué)以及洗脫前后重金屬的形態(tài)變化。

Potassium pyrophosphate is a kind of material friendly to farmland soil environment. Relevant personnel studied the leaching characteristics of the prepared potassium pyrophosphate leaching solution on the heavy metal copper in simulated polluted soil through batch oscillation leaching experiments, and discussed the effects of leaching time, pH value of the leaching solution and potassium pyrophosphate concentration on leaching. In addition, the desorption kinetics of copper in soil under the action of potassium pyrophosphate eluent and the morphological changes of heavy metals before and after elution were also discussed.

結(jié)果表明，浸出時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)，淋洗液濃度越大，浸出效果越好。對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)條件進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化，浸出和浸出24小時(shí)，洗脫液pH為7.0，n（焦磷酸鉀）：n（銅）的比例為7：1。浸出效果好，銅浸出率為40.51%。焦磷酸鉀洗脫的銅主要以酸萃取和還原形式存在。焦磷酸鉀淋洗液對(duì)土壤銅的淋溶過(guò)程符合雙常數(shù)方程，說(shuō)明焦磷酸鉀淋洗液作用下土壤中銅的解吸是一個(gè)非均相擴(kuò)散過(guò)程。

The results show that the longer the leaching time is, the greater the concentration of eluent is, and the better the leaching effect is. The experimental conditions were optimized, leaching and leaching for 24 hours, the pH of the eluent was 7.0, and the ratio of n (potassium pyrophosphate): n (copper) was 7:1. The leaching effect is good, and the copper leaching rate is 40.51%. Copper eluted by potassium pyrophosphate mainly exists in the form of acid extraction and reduction. The leaching process of potassium pyrophosphate leaching solution on soil copper conforms to the two constant equation, which indicates that the desorption of copper in soil under the action of potassium pyrophosphate leaching solution is a heterogeneous diffusion process.

此外，氫氧化鉀廠家經(jīng)過(guò)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，一些研究人員應(yīng)用線性掃描伏安法和計(jì)時(shí)電位法分別測(cè)量并繪制了陰極極化曲線和恒電流電位-時(shí)間曲線，研究了焦磷酸銅在銅電極上的電化學(xué)行為。結(jié)果表明，焦磷酸鹽鍍液的成分、pH值和溫度會(huì)影響銅電極電鍍過(guò)程的陰極極化和恒電流電位。

In addition, the investigation of potassium hydroxide manufacturers found that some researchers used linear sweep voltammetry and chronopotentiometry to measure and draw the cathodic polarization curve and constant current potential time curve respectively, and studied the electrochemical behavior of copper pyrophosphate on the copper electrode. The results show that the composition, pH value and temperature of pyrophosphate plating solution will affect the cathodic polarization and constant current potential of copper electrode electroplating process.

鍍液中，焦磷酸與Cu2質(zhì)量比為8:1時(shí)，Cu2濃度為0.28-0.39mol/L，鍍液pH為8.8-9.3，鍍液溫度為45-48℃，有利于獲得結(jié)晶質(zhì)量較好的鍍銅層。

In the plating solution, when the mass ratio of pyrophosphoric acid to Cu2 is 8:1, the concentration of Cu2 is 0.28-0.39mol/l, the pH of the plating solution is 8.8-9.3, and the temperature of the plating solution is 45-48 ℃, which is conducive to obtaining a copper plating layer with good crystal quality.

陰極極化越大，恒電流電位越負(fù)，相應(yīng)的鍍液越容易獲得致密的金屬鍍層，這與赫爾電池的實(shí)驗(yàn)效果一致。陰極極化曲線和恒電流電位-時(shí)間曲線可用于快速評(píng)價(jià)電鍍級(jí)焦磷酸鉀的質(zhì)量。

The greater the cathodic polarization is, the more negative the constant current potential is, the easier it is to obtain a dense metal coating in the corresponding plating solution, which is consistent with the experimental effect of hull battery. Cathodic polarization curve and constant current potential time curve can be used to quickly evaluate the quality of electroplating grade potassium pyrophosphate.

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